Microgravity is the condition in which people or objects appear to be weightless. The microgravity lab consisting of only-in-space conditions facilitates a wide range of investigations in various disciplines. This lab provides a platform with greatly reduced non-gravitational sources of noise, access to the vacuum conditions of space, extreme heat and cold, large distances, and high velocity that is beneficial for physics research. The concept of microgravity is used in advanced materials science research, because it changes the processes such as crystal growth, fluid mixing, separation between gases and liquids, heat transfer, solidification, and combustion. Access to microgravity is beneficial for biology and human health. Data about how different organisms react to a microgravity environment and the ways various biological functions change in the absence of gravity increase the understanding related to organisms. This book is a compilation of chapters that discuss the most vital concepts and emerging trends on the subject of microgravity. It aims to serve as a resource guide for students and researchers alike.