This book is the first of its kind to examine tunnels from the perspective of international law, with a view to minimizing the harm caused to civilians on all sides while keeping in mind the complexity of the operational and strategic challenges. Dr. Richemond-Barak identifies issues unique to underground warfare, including analyzing traditional international humanitarian law issues as they relate to tunnels and underground operations such as principles of dual use, proportionality, and advanced warning, a re-thinking of the lawfulness of certain weapons, and complex questions such as when tunnels are dug and underneath a state's own civilian infrastructure and under cultural and religious sites.